Corn, also known as maize in many countries, is a nutrient-dense crop that is widely consumed around the world. It contains a variety of essential elements, including dietary fibre, carbohydrates, calcium, magnesium, iron, and vitamins A, B, and C. Consumption of maize on a regular basis aids in the reduction of cholesterol and diabetes complications, as well as the improvement of cardiovascular health. As a result, corn has become a staple food for many people, increasing demand for corn-based products year after year.
Grinding, alkali processing, boiling/cooking, or fermentation are all methods used to turn it directly into food products.
Corn is a critical cereal crop for both human and animal nutrition. It is a staple cuisine in many parts of the world. Corn is becoming more popular as a fresh and processed meal. As the population grows, there is an increase in food demand; consequently, corn may meet food requirements while also providing human nutrition and a number of health benefits. The world's corn production is expected to fall substantially in 2018 to around 1, 045 million tons, a decline of 46 million tons from 2017. The necessity to produce more food to feed the world's rising population has fueled the modernization of the corn milling sector, which has sought to increase production while also improving quality, efficiency, food safety, and processes. Corn processing has therefore been on a rise. According to Reports and Data, the corn deep processing equipment market size was USD 5,566.9 Million in 2020 and is expected to reach USD 7,530.9 Million by year 2028, registering a CAGR of 3.8%.
Industrial processing of corn into a product fit for human use falls into two broad categories: dry and wet milling. Corn is divided into relatively pure chemical constituent classes of starch, protein, oil, and fibre during the wet milling process. Dry industrial milling is the process of reducing the particle size of clean whole maize with or without screening separation, while maintaining all or part of the original corn germ and fibre. Corn degermination is accomplished through mechanical separation and processing, resulting in dry shelf-stable goods that are free of the majority of germ and fibre. The majority of particle size reduction and separation occurs using equipment similar to that used in wheat flour milling, such as hammer mills, stone mills, roller mills, screeners, sifters, specific gravity separators, and aspirators.
Corn is processed into a variety of products that are ultimately more usable for humans and animal. These include:
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Corn Starch
Corn starch is a frequent component in most households across the world. Corn starch, commonly known as corn flour, comes in a variety of colors and is used to thicken soups and sauces. Additionally, it is used to bake a variety of food goods such as cakes and breads. Corn flour is used to make sweeteners. Additionally, it is employed as a finishing and coating agent in the paper and textile industries. Manufacturing corn starch is a common business venture. Corn starch is extracted largely by the wet milling method.
Corn Grit
Corn grits are another nutritionally dense value-added product made from corn. Corn grits are a common ingredient in snack, breakfast, and brewing products. Brewing is a significant consumer of corn grits. Many individuals also drink it as part of their breakfast. Corn grits are created from corn via cleaning, water spraying and stirring, peeling and degerming, grit processing, separating, and drying.
Ethanol
Ethanol is used in a variety of industries, including pharmaceuticals, plastics, cosmetics, and alcohol manufacture. Blending ethanol with gasoline or diesel contributes to environmental pollution reduction. By 2024, the Indian government intends to blend 20% of ethanol into gasoline and diesel used in transportation. This move will enhance demand for ethanol. Ethanol can be produced from corn biomass by fermenting and distilling it.
Corn Oil
The majority of corn oil is used in cooking. It has a lower cholesterol content and is thus suitable for frying and cooking. Corn oil is gaining popularity in households due to its numerous health benefits. It is more cost effective than vegetable oils in general. Corn oil is also used in the manufacturing of soaps, paints, inks, and insecticides, among other things. Maize oil is produced from the germ of corn by a process that combines hexane extraction and mechanical expression.
Corn Syrup
Corn syrup is produced by fermenting corn starch. It is primarily made up of glucose. It aids in the prevention of sugar crystallization, enhances flavor, and softens the texture of food. Corn syrup is not to be confused with high fructose corn syrup, which is likewise made from corn and possesses a high fructose content. Corn syrup is made by infusing corn starch and water with amylase enzyme.
Corn Flakes
Corn flakes are one of the most widely consumed foods worldwide. It is nutritious and is typically consumed with breakfast. People of all ages like corn flakes because to its nutritious value, crispy quality, texture, and flavor. The dry corn grits are rolled into corn flakes. Corn flakes manufacturing is a straightforward procedure that provides a viable business opportunity for micro, small and medium sized enterprises (MSMEs).
